کاربرد مدل‌سازی در تجزیه و تحلیل شبکه بوم‌شناختی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، ایران

چکیده

تجزیه و تحلیل شبکه بوم‌شناختی (ENA) روشی نوین با رویکرد سیستمی است که به مطالعه ساختار و پویایی‌شناسی سیستم‌های بوم‌شناختی مانند شبکه‌های غذایی می‌پردازد. این روش همچنین قادر است کارکرد اکوسیستم‌ها را ارزیابی کند و امکان مقایسه سیستم بوم‌شناختی را از این نظر فراهم آورد. حوزه کاربرد این روش وسیع است و اخیراً در ارزیابی ریسک بوم‌شناختی به کارگرفته شده است. تاکنون تعداد قابل توجهی مدل شبکه بوم‌شناختی ساخته شده است و روش تجزیه و تحلیل شبکه در چند مدل به میزان قابل توجهی پیشرفت کرده است. از میان این مدل‌ها برای مطالعه روابط شبکه غذایی می‌توان به مدل اکوپث و مدل‌سازی معکوس اشاره کرد. یکی از مشکلات بر سر راه این روش‌ها، نیازمندی آنها به توصیف کامل جریان بین اجزا سیستم، مقدار هر یک از اجزا و صحت هر یک از داده‌ها است. از مهم‌ترین کاربردهای ENA می‌توان به تعیین سطح مجاز برداشت از منابع طبیعی و پیش‌بینی اثرات مداخلات انسانی بر سیستم‌های طبیعی اشاره کرد. با توجه به کاربرد گسترده این روش در حل مسایل مختلف محیط‌زیست از دیر باز به آن توجه می‌شده است، اما متاسفانه مطالعات انجام شده در ایران بسیار اندک است. بنابراین، مطالعه حاضر با هدف معرفی ENA و به خصوص مدل‌های تغذیه‌ای و کاربرد آن در سیستم‌های مورد بهره‌برداری انجام شده که می تواند مورد توجه پژوهشگران و مدیران در حوزه محیط‌زیست قرار گیرد.

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