Abdel-Aty, A.M.; Ammar, N.S.; Ghafar, H.H.A. & Ali, R.K. 2013. Biosorption of cadmium and lead from aqueous solution by fresh water alga Anabaena sphaerica biomass. Journal of advanced research, 4(4): 367-374.
Al-Anber, M.A. 2010. Removal of high-level Fe3 + from aqueous solution using Jordanian inorganic materials: bentonite and quartz. Desalination, 250: 885– 891.
Al-Qahtani, K.M. 2016. Water purification using different waste fruit cortexes for the removal of heavy metals. JTUSCI, 10: 700–708.
Athar, M.; Farooq, U.; Aslam, M. & Salman, M. 2013. Adsorption of Pb (II) ions onto biomass from Trifolium resupinatum: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Appl. Water Sci, 3: 665–672.
Baby Shaikh, R.; Saifullah, B. & Rehman, F. 2018. Greener Method for the Removal of Toxic Metal Ions from the Wastewater by Application of Agricultural Waste as an Adsorbent. Water, 10(10): 1316.
Bai, M.T. & Venkateswarlu, P. 2018. Fixed bed and batch studies on biosorption of lead using Sargassum Tenerrimum powder: Characterization, Kinetics and Thermodynamics. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(9):18024-18037.
Bulgariu, L.; Lupea, M.; Bulgariu, D.; Rusu, C. & Macoveanu, M. 2013. Equilibrium study of Pb (II) and Cd (II) biosorption from aqueous solution on marine green algae biomass. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal (EEMJ), 12(1): 183-190.
Cabuk, A.; IIhan, S.; Filik, C. & Caliskan, F. 2005. Pb2+ Biosorption by pretreated fungal biomass. Tark J Biol, 29: 23-28.
Chakravarty, P.; Sarma, N.S. & Sarma, H.P. 2010. Removal of lead (II) from aqueous solution using heartwood of Areca catechu powder. Desalination, 256: 16–21.
Chen, H.; Zhao, J.; Dai, G.L.; Wu, J.Y. & Yan, H. 2010. Adsorption characteristics of Pb (II) from aqueous solution onto a natural biosorbent, fallen Cinnamomum camphora leaves. Desalination, 262:
174–182.
Dekhil, A.V.; Hannachi, Y.; Ghorbel, A. & Boubaker, T. 2011. Removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions using dried marine green macroalga (Caulerpa racemosa). International Journal of Environmental Research, 5(3): 725-732.
Deng, L.; Su, Y.; Su, H.; Wang, X. & Zhu, X. 2007. Sorption and desorption of lead (II) from wastewater by green algae Cladophora fascicularis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143(1-2): 220-225.
Depci, T. 2012. Comparison of activated carbon and iron impregnated activated carbon derived from Gölbaşı lignite to remove cyanide from water. Chem Eng J, 181-182: 467-78.
Derek, W. J. 1999. Exposure or Absorption and the Crucial Question of Limit for Mercury, J, Can, Dent, Assoc, 46-65.
Edris, G.; Alhamed, Y. & Alzahrani, A. 2014. Biosorption of cadmium and lead from aqueous solutions by Chlorella vulgaris biomass: equilibrium and kinetic study. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39(1): 87-93.
El-Naggar, N.E.A.; Hamouda, R.A.; Mousa, I.E.; Abdel-Hamid, M.S. & Rabei, N.H. 2018. Biosorption optimization, characterization, immobilization and application of Gelidium amansii biomass for complete Pb 2+ removal from aqueous solutions. Scientific reports, 8(1):13456.
EPA, 1997. Drinking water standards Environment of Criteria and Assessment. 540/1–89/002United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. 86.
Farhan, A.M.; Al-Dujaili, A.H. & Awwad, A.M. 2013. Equilibrium and kinetic studies of cadmium (II) and lead (II) ions biosorption onto Ficus Carcia leaves. International Journal of Industrial Chemistry, 4(1): 24.
Freitas, O.M.; Martins, R.J.; Delerue-Matos, C.M. & Boaventura, R.A. 2008. Removal of Cd (II), Zn (II) and Pb (II) from aqueous solutions by brown marine macro algae: kinetic modelling. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153(1-2): 493-501.
Ghasemi, M.; Naushad, M.; Ghasemi, N. & Khosravi-fard, Y. 2014. Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using new adsorbents prepared from agricultural waste: adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies. J. Ind. Eng. Chem, 20: 2193–2199.
Goher, M.E.; Abd El-Monem, A.M.; Abdel-Satar, A.M.; Ali, M.H.; Hussian, A.E. & Napiórkowska-Krzebietke, A. 2016. Biosorption of some toxic metals from aqueous solution using non-living algal cells of Chlorella vulgaris. Journal of Elementology, 21(3): 703-714.
Gorjian Arabi, M.H.; Hosseini, S.A.; Rezaei, H.; Yousefi, H. & Meftah Halaghi, M. 2018a. Adsorption of Lead ions from aqueous solution by the dead biomass of nanoalgae Scenedesmus sp. Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 7(4): 124-136. (In Persian)
Gorjian Arabi, M.H.; Hosseini, S.A.; Rezaei, H.; Yousefi, H. & Meftah Halaghi, M. 2018b. Removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions by the dead algae biomass Scenedesmus sp. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. DOI: 10.22034/jest.2018.16097.2455. (In Persian)
Gorjian Arabi, M.H.; Hosseini, S.A.; Rezaei, H.; Yousefi, H. & Meftah Halaghi, M. 2016. Adsorption of Cadmium from aqueous solution by the dead algae biomass Scenedesmus sp.: Isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics studies. Journal of Marine Biology, 8(2): 47-62. (In Persian)
Gupta, V.K. & Rastogi, A. 2008. Biosorption of lead from aqueous solutions by green algae Spirogyra species: kinetics and equilibrium studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 152(1): 407-414.
Gundogdu, A.; Ozdes, D.; Duran, C.; Bulut, V.N.; Soylak, M. & Senturk, H.B. 2009. Biosorption of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution by pine bark (Pinus brutia Ten.). Chem. Eng. J, 153: 62–69.
Hannachi, Y. 2012. Characterization of the biosorption of lead and cadmium with the red alga (Ceramium virgatum). The holistic approach to environment, 2(3): 93-109.
Holan, Z. R. & Volesky, B. 1995. Accumulation of cadmium, lead and nickel by fungal and wood biosorbents. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 53:133-146.
Ho, Y.S. & Chiang, C.C. 2001. Sorption studies of acid dye by mixed sorbents. Adsorption, 7: 139-147.
Ibrahim, W.M. 2011. Biosorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by red macroalgae. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 192(3): 1827-1835.
Jafari, N. & Ahmadi asbchin, S. 2014. Adsorption of cadmium and lead ions from aqueous solution by brown algae Cystoseira indica. Journal of Plant Research, 27(1): 23-31. (In Persian)
Jalali, R.; Ghafourian, H.; Asef, Y.; Davarpanah, S.J. & Sepehr, S. 2002. Removal and recovery of lead using nonliving biomass of marine algae. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 92(3): 253-262.
Khan, T.A.; Mukhlif, A.A.; Khan, E.A. & Sharma, D.K. 2016. Isotherm and kinetics modeling of Pb (II) and Cd (II) adsorptive uptake from aqueous solution by chemically modified green algal biomass. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2(3): 1-13.
Kostic, M.; Radovic, M.; Mitrovic, J.; Antonijevic, M.; Bojic, D.; Petrovic, M. & Bojic, A. 2014. Using xanthated Lagenaria vulgaris shell biosorbent for removal of Pb (II) ions from wastewater. J. Iran. Chem. Soc, 11: 565–578.
Kumar, J.N.; Oommen, C. & Kumar, R.N. 2009. Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by green marine macroalgae from Okha Port, Gulf of Kutch, India. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci, 6(3): 317-323.
Lee, S.H. & Park, C.H. 2012. Biosorption of heavy metal ions by brown seaweeds from southern coast of Korea. Biotechnology and bioprocess engineering, 17(4): 853-861.
Lee, Y.C. & Chang, S.P. 2011. The biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by Spirogyra and Cladophora filamentous macroalgae. Bioresource technology, 102(9): 5297-5304.
Li, QZ.; Chai, L.Y.; Yang, Z.H. & Wang, Q.W. 2009. Kinetics and thermodynamics of Pb (II) adsorption onto modified spent grain from aqueous solutions. Appl. Surf. Sci, 255: 4298–4303.
Li, Y.H.; Du, Q.; Peng, X.; Wang, D.; Wang, Z.; Xia, Y. & Wei, B., 2011. Physico-chemical characteristics and lead biosorption properties of Enteromorpha prolifera. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 85(2): 316-322.
Lodeiro, P.; Barriada, J.L.; Herrero, R. & De Vicente, M.S. 2006. The marine macroalga Cystoseira baccata as biosorbent for cadmium (II) and lead (II) removal: kinetic and equilibrium studies. Environmental pollution, 142(2): 264-273.
Lu, H. & Yu, S. 2018. Spatio-temporal variational characteristics analysis of heavy metals pollution in water of the typical northern rivers, China. J. Hydrol, 559: 787–793.
Madala, S.; Nadavala, S.K.; Vudagandla, S.; Boddu, V.M. & Abburi, K. 2017. Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of Cadmium (II) biosorption on to composite chitosan biosorbent. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10:1883-1893.
Malamisa, S. & Katsou, E. 2013. A review on zinc and nickel adsorption on natural and modified zeolite, bentonite and vermiculite: examination of process parameters, kinetics and isotherms. J. Hazard. Mater, 252–253: 428–461.
Malakootian, M.; Moussavi, GH.R. & Toolabi, A. 2012. A Study of kinetics And Biosorption Isotherms of Heavy Metals by Algae Ulothrix Zonata from Industrial Wastewater. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 19(4): 26-37. (In Persian)
Medellin-Castillo, N.A.; Padilla-Ortega, E.; Regules-Martínez, M.C.; Leyva-Ramos, R.; Ocampo-Pérez, R. & Carranza-Alvarez, C. 2017. Single and competitive adsorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions onto industrial chili seeds (Capsicum annuum) waste. Sustainable Environment Research, 27(2): 61-69.
Meitei, M.D. & Prasad, M.N.V. 2014. Adsorption of Cu (II), Mn (II) and Zn (II) by Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Ecol. Eng, 71: 308–317.
National Standard of Iran. No. 1053: 2009. Physical and chemical properties of water. Version 5. 18 p. (In Persian)
Mohseni, N.; Naeimi, A.S. & Sarmad, j. The role of Chlorella sp. In removing lead metal alloys and investigating the parameters affecting them. 2013. Iranian National Conference on Environmental Research. Hamedan. Iran. (In Persian)
Naeemi, A.S.; Sarmad, J.; Mohseni, N. & Chaibakhsh, N. 2016. Modeling, kinetics and isotherm of lead biosorption by Chlorella vulgaris. Aquatic Physiology and Biotechnology, 4(1): 85-109. (In Persian)
Nessim, R.B.; Bassiouny, A.R.; Zaki, H.R.; Moawad, M.N. & Kandeel, K.M. 2011. Biosorption of lead and cadmium using marine algae. Chemistry and Ecology, 27(6): 579-594.
Niakan, N.; Montazer Rahmati, M.M.; Keshtkar, A.R & Dabagh, R. 2008. Screening of Oman Sea brown algae for biosorption of lead metal. 12th National Congress of Chemical Engineering of Iran. Tabriz. Iran. (In Persian)
Ofomaja, A.E. 2010. Intra particle diffusion process for lead (II) biosorption onto mansonia wood sawdust. Bioresource Technology, 101: 5868–5876.
Reddy, D.H.K.; Harinath, Y.; Seshaiah, K.; Reddy, A.V.R. 2010. Biosorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions using chemically modified Moringa oleifera tree leaves. Chem. Eng. J, 162: 626–634.
Samindika, A. 2013. A comprehensive study of Cd (II) removal from aqueous solution via adsorption and solar photocatalysis. ETDs, 1783.
Sarı, A. & Tuzen, M. 2008. Biosorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solution using green alga (Ulva lactuca) biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 152(1): 302-308.
Sayadi, M.H. & Shekari, H. 2017. Biosorption of cadmium and lead from aqueous solutions using Spirogyra. Journal of Environmental Studies, 43(3): 379-390. (In Persian)
Sheng, P.X. Ting, Y.P. & Chen, J.P. 2007. Biosorption of heavy metal ions (Pb, Cu, and Cd) from aqueous solutions by the marine alga Sargassum sp. in single-and multiple-metal systems. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 46(8): 2438-2444.
Sheng, P.X.; Ting, Y.P.; Chen, J.P. & Hong, L. 2004. Sorption of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel by marine algal biomass: characterization of biosorptive capacity and investigation of mechanisms. Journal of colloid and interface science, 275(1): 131-141.
Singh, A.; Kumar, D. & Gaur, J.P. 2008. Removal of Cu (II) and Pb (II) by Pithophora oedogonia: sorption, desorption and repeated use of the biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 152(3): 1011-1019.
Skountzon, P. & Soupioni, M. 2003. Lead (II) up take during baker’s yeast production by aerobic fermentation of molasses. Process Bio chemistry, 38: 1479-14782.
Soares, E.V.; Coninck, G.; Duarte, F. & Soares, H.M.V.M. 2002. Use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cu2+ removal from solution: the advantages of using a flocculent strain. Biotechnology letters, 24: 663-666.
Tabaraki, R.; Nateghi, A. & Ahmady-Asbchin, S. 2014. Biosorption of lead (II) ions on Sargassum ilicifolium: Application of response surface methodology. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 93:145-152.
Tasar, S.; Kaya, F. & O¨zer, A. 2014. Biosorption of lead (II) ions from aqueous solution by peanut shells: equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies. J. Environ. Chem. Eng, 2: 1018–1026.
Tong, S.; Schirnding, Y.E.V. & Prapamontol, T. 2000. Environmental lead exposure: a public health problem of global dimensions. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(9):1068-77.
Tunali, S.C.; Abuk, A. & Akar, T. 2006. Removal of lead and copper ions from aqueous solutions by bacterial strain isolated from soil. Chem. Eng. J, 115: 203–211.
Tüzün, I.; Bayramoğlu, G.; Yalçın, E.; Başaran, G.; Celik, G. & Arıca, M.Y. 2005. Equilibrium and kinetic studies on biosorption of Hg (II), Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions onto microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Journal of Environmental Management, 77(2): 85-92.
Verma, A.; Kumar, S. & Kumar, S. 2016. Biosorption of lead ions from the aqueous solution by Sargassum filipendula: Equilibrium and kinetic studies. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 4(4): 4587-4599.
Vilar, V.J.; Botelho, C.M. & Boaventura, R.A. 2005. Influence of pH, ionic strength and temperature on lead biosorption by Gelidium and agar extraction algal waste. Process Biochemistry, 40(10): 3267-3275.
Wang, G.; Zhang, S.; Yao, P.; Chen, Y.; Xu, X.; Li, T. & Gong, G. 2018. Removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions by Phytolacca americana L. biomass as a low cost biosorbent. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 11(1): 99-110.
Wasewar, K.L. 2010. Adsorption of metals onto tea factory waste: a review. IJRRAS, 3(3):303–322.
Woodard, F. 2006. Industrial waste treatment handbook. Woburn: Butterworth-Heinemann, 461.
Yalçın, S. 2014. The mechanism of heavy metal biosorption on green marine macroalga Enteromorpha linza. Clean Soil Air Water, 42(3): 251-259.
Yipmantin, A.; Maldonado, H.J.; Ly, M.; Taulemesse, J.M. & Guibal, E. 2011. Pb (II) and Cd (II) biosorption on Chondracanthus chamissoi (a red alga). Journal of hazardous materials, 185(2-3): 922-929.
Yuvaraja, G.; Krishnaiah, N.; Subbaiah, M.V. & Krishnaiah, A. 2014. Biosorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solution by Solanum melongena leaf powder as a low-cost biosorbent prepared from agricultural waste. Colloids Surf, 114: 75–81.
Zhang, P.; Qin, C.; Hong, X.; Kang, G.; Qin, M.; Yang, D.; Pang, B.; Li, Y.; He, J. & Dick, R.P. 2018. Risk assessment and source analysis of soil heavy metal pollution from lower reaches of Yellow River irrigation in China. Sci. Total Environ, 633: 1136–1147.
Zhou, Q.; Zhang, J.; Shi, J.; Fu, J. & Jiang, G. 2008. Biomonitoring: An appealing tool for assessment of metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem. Analytica Chimica Acta, 606: 135-150.
)