روند تغییر کاربری اراضی و ارزش خدمات اکوسیستم در دشت همدان– بهار، با تاکید بر مناطق نیمه‌طبیعی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

با هدف بررسی ارزش خدمات اکوسیستم و مقایسه تغییرات اراضی نیمه طبیعی و کاربری اراضی در بین سال­های 1347 و 1395 از تفسیر عکس­های هوایی و تصاویر ماهواره­ای در 167 کیلومتر مربع از دشت همدان-بهار واقع در استان همدان بهره گرفته شد و سه کاربری زمین شامل زراعی، صنعتی-مسکونی و مناطق نیمه­طبیعی مشخص و تغییرات صورت گرفته در سطح کاربری اراضی و تراکم مناطق نیمه طبیعی در بین و درون اراضی زراعی (مناطق بافر اکولوژیک) به عنوان دو شاخص موثر در ارزیابی ارزش اقتصادی خدمات اکوسیستم تعیین و ارزیابی شد. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که در مقایسه کاربری اراضی در سال1347 با سال 1395 کاهش شدید در وسعت اراضی نیمه­طبیعی و به همین نسبت افزایش وسعت کاربری­ صنعتی- مسکونی مشهود است .در مجموع کاهش 94 درصدی سهم اراضی نیمه طبیعی و افزایش 631 و 6 درصدی سهم صنعت و کشاورزی تغییرات شدیدی را در کاربری زمین نشان می­دهد. این تغییرات در کل منجر به کاهش بیش از هفت میلیون دلار به صورت سالانه در ارزش خدمات اکوسیستم شده است (38/9 دلار در هکتار در سال). با این حال تعداد مناطق بافر اکولوژیک در دو سال مورد مطالعه تغییر معنی­داری نکرده است، هرچند به هر حال کاهش اتفاق افتاده است، به صورتی که متوسط تعداد این مناطق از 3/49 در سال 1347 به 3/34 در سال 95 کاهش داشته است. در نهایت توصیه می­شود نقشه راه مدیریت­زمین جهت استفاده در برنامه­هایی توسعه اقتصادی آینده، همزمان با توجه به حفاظت از مناطق طبیعی و نیمه طبیعی و همچنین تنوع زیستی ترسیم شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Anna, K.; Jaan-Henrik, K.; Jakub, K. & Dagmar, H. 2016. Ecosystem services in urban land use planning: Integration challenges in complex urban settings—Case of Stockholm. Ecosystem Services. 22, 204–212.
Balali, H. & Viaggi, D. 2015. Applying a System Dynamics Approach for Modeling Groundwater Dynamics to Depletion under Different Economical and Climate Change Scenarios. Water. 7(10), 5258-5271.
Batary, P.; Holzschuh, A.; Orci, K. M.; Samu, F. & Tscharntke, T. 2012. Responses of plant, insect and spider biodiversity to local and landscape scale management intensity in cereal crops and grasslands. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 146 (1), 130–136.
Benton, T. G.; Vickery, J.A. & Wilson, J. D. 2003. Farmland biodiversity: is habitat heterogeneity the key? Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 18, 182–188.
Bommarco, R.; Kleijn, D. & Potts, S. G. 2013. Ecological intensification: harnessing ecosystem services for food security. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 28, 230–238.
Boron, V.; Payan, E.; MacMillan, D. & Tzanopoulos, J. 2016. Achieving sustainable development in rural areas in Colombia: Future scenarios for biodiversity conservation under land use change.  Land Use Policy. 59, 27–37.
Chaplin-Kramer, R. & Kremen, C. 2012. Pest control experiments show benefits of complexity at landscape and local scales. Ecological Applications. 22, 1936–1948.
Costanza, R.; d'Arge, R.; de Groot, R.; Farber, S.; Grasso, M.; Hannon, B.; Limburg, K.; Naeem, S.; ONeill, R. V.; Paruelo, J.; Raskin, R. G.; Sutton, P. & van den Belt, M. 1997. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature. 387 (6630), 253–260.
Costanza, R.; de Groot, R.; Sutton, P.; van der Ploeg, S.; Anderson, S. J.; Kubiszewski, I.; Farber, S.; Turner, R. K. 2014. Changes in the global value of ecosystem services. Global Environmental Change. 26, 152–158.
De Groot, R. 2006. Function-analysis and valuation as a tool to assess land use conflicts in planning for sustainable, multi-functional landscapes. Landscape and urban planning. 75(3), 175-186.
de Groot, R.; Brander, L.; van der Ploeg, S.; Costanza, R.; Bernard, F.; Braat, L.; Christie, M.; Crossman, N.; Ghermandi, A.; Hein, L.; Hussain, S.; Kumar, P.; McVittie, A.; Portela, R.; Rodriguez, L. C.; ten Brink, P.; van Beukering, P. 2012. Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units. Ecosystem Services. 1 (1), 50–61.
Duflot, R.; Aviron, S.; Ernoult, A.; Fahrig, L. & Burel, F. 2014. Reconsidering the role of ‘semi-natural habitat’ in agricultural landscape biodiversity: a case study. Ecological Research. 30, 75-83.
Elmqvist, T.; Fragkias, M.; Goodness, J.; Güneralp, B.; Marcotullio, P.; McDonald, R.; Parnell, S.; Schewenius, M.; Sendstad, M.; Seto, K. (Eds.) 2013. Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities. Springer, Dordrecht.
García-Feced, C.; Weissteiner, C. J.; Baraldi, A.; Paracchini, M. L.; Maes, J.; Zulian, G.; Kempen, M.; Elbersen, B. & Pérez-Soba, M. 2015. Semi-natural vegetation in agricultural land: European map and links to ecosystem service supply. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 35, 273–283.
Geri, F.; Amici, V. & Rocchini, D. 2010. Human activity impact on the heterogeneity of a Mediterranean landscape. Applied Geography. 30, 370–379.
Gibbs, H. K.; Ruesch, A. S.; Achard, F.; Clayton, M. K.; Holmgren, P.; Ramankutty, N. & Foley, J. A. 2010. Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s. PNAS. 107, 16732–16737.
Green, R. E.; Cornell, S. J.; Scharlemann, J. P. W. & Balmford, A. 2005. Farming and the fate of wild nature. Science. 307 (80), 550–555.
Halada, L.; Evans, D.; Romão, C. & Petersen, J. E. 2011. Which habitats of European importance depend on agricultural practices? Biodiversity and Conservation. 20, 2365-2378.
Hietala-Koivu, R.; Järvenpää, T. & Helenius J. 2004. Value of semi-natural areas as biodiversity indicators in agricultural landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 101, 9–19.
Kim, J. E. 2013. Land use management and cultural value of ecosystem services in Southwestern Korean islands. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures. 2(1), 49-55.
Kreuter, U. P.; Harris, H. G.; Matlock, M. D. & Lacey, R. E. 2001. Change in ecosystem service values in the San Antonio area, Texas. Ecological Economics. 39 (3), 333–346.
Margules, C. R. & Pressey, R. L. 2000. Systematic conservation planning. Nature. 405 (6783), 243-253.
McDonald, R.; Güneralp, B.; Zipperer, W. & Marcotullio, P. J. 2014. The future of global urbanization and the environment. Solutions. 5 (6), 60–69.
Metzger, M. J.; Rounsevell, M. D. A.; Acosta-Michlik, L.; Leemans, R. & Schroter, D. 2006. The vulnerability of ecosystem services to land use change. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 114, 69-85.
Nayak, G. K.; Roberts, S. P. M.; Garratt M.; Breeze, T. D.; Tscheulin, T.; Harrison-Cripps, J.; Vogiatzakis, I. N.; Stirpe, M. T. & Potts S. G. 2014. Interactive effect of floral abundance and semi-natural habitats on pollinators in field beans (Vicia faba). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 199, 58–66.
OECD, 1999. Environmental indicators for agriculture: methods and results—the stocktaking report greenhouse gases, biodiversity, wildlife habitats. Joint Working Party of the Committee for Agriculture and the Environment Policy Committee in Paris, October 13–15, 1999. COM/AGR/CA/ENV/EPOC (99) 82, pp. 63–86.
OECD. 2001. Environmental Indicators for Agriculture: Methods and Results. Volume 3, Paris, France, 36.
Plieninger, T. & Bieling, C. 2013. Resilience-Based Perspectives to Guiding High-Nature-Value Farmland through Socioeconomic Change. Ecology and Society. 18(4): 20
Ray, D. K.; Ramankutty, N.; Mueller, N. D.; West, P. C. & Foley, J.A. 2012. Recent patterns of crop yield growth and stagnation. Nature Communications. 3, 1293.
Rugani, B. & Rocchini, D. 2017. Boosting the use of spectral heterogeneity in the impact assessment of agricultural land use on biodiversity. Journal of Cleaner Production. 140 (2), 516–524.
Rusch, A.; Chaplin-Kramer, R.; Gardiner, M. M.; Hawro, V.; Holland, J.; Landi, D.; Thies, C.; Tscharntke, T.; Weisser, W. W.; Winqvist, C.; Woltz, M. & Bommarco, R. 2016. Agricultural landscape simplification reduces natural pest control: A quantitative synthesis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 221, 198–204.
Seto, K. C.; Guneralp, B. & Hutyra, L. R. 2012. Global forecasts of urban expansionto 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109(40), 16083–16088.
Solgi, E.; Roohi, N. & Kouroshi-Gholampour M. 2016. A comparative study of metals in roadside soils and urban parks from Hamedan metropolis, Iran. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management. 6, 169–175.
Souza, D. M., Teixeira, R. F. M. & Ostermann, O. P. 2015. Assessing biodiversity loss due to land use with Life Cycle Assessment: are we there yet? Global Change Biology. 21, 32–47.
Theobald, D. M. 2014. Development and applications of a comprehensive land use classification and map for the US. PLOS ONE. 9(4), e94628.
Tolessa, T.; Senbeta, F. & Kidane, M. 2017. The impact of land use/land cover change on ecosystem services in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Ecosystem Services. 23, 47–54.
Tscharntke, T.; Clough, Y.; Wanger, T. C.; Jackson, L.; Motzke, I.; Perfecto, I.; Vandermeer, J. & Whitbread, A. 2012. Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification. Biological Conservation. 151, 53-59.
Tscharntke, T.; Klein, A. M.; Kruess, A.; Steffan-Dewenter, I. & Thies, C. 2005. Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity—ecosystem service management. Ecology Letters. 8, 857–874.
Turner, B. L.; Kasperson, R. E.; Matson, P.; McCarthy, J. J.; Corell, R. W.; Christensen, l.; Eckley, N.; Kasperson, J. X.; Luers, A.; Martello, M. L.; Polsky, C.; Pulsipher, A. & Schiller, A. 2003. A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. PNAS. 100, 8074–8079.
Vimal, R.; Pluvinet, P.; Sacca, C.; Mazagol, P. O.; Etlicher, B.; Thompson, J. D. 2012. Exploring spatial patterns of vulnerability for diverse biodiversity descriptors in regional conservation planning. Journal of Environmental Management. 95(1), 9–16.
Wilson, K. A.; Carwardine, J. & Possingham, H. P. 2009. Setting conservation priorities. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1162(1), 237–264.
Wilson, K. Pressey, R. L.; Newton, A.; Burgman, M.; Possingham, H. & Weston, C. 2005. Measuring and incorporating vulnerability into conservation planning. Environmental Management. 35(5), 527–543.
Xie, G. D.; Zhang, C. X.; Zhang, L. M.; Chen, W. H. & Li, S. M. 2015. Improvement of the evaluation method for ecosystem services value based on per unit area. Journal of Natural Resources. 30, 1245–1254.
Xie, G. D.; Zhen, L.; Lu, C. X.; Xiao, Y. & Chen, C. 2008. Expert knowledge based valuation method of ecosystem services in China. Journal of Natural Resources. 23(5), 911–919.
Yi, H.; Güneralp, B.; Filippi, A. M.; Kreuter, U. P. & Güneralp, I. 2017. Impacts of Land Change on Ecosystem Services in the San Antonio River Basin, Texas, from 1984 to 2010. Ecological Economics. 135, 125–135.
ZhangL.; YuX.; JiangM.; Xue, Z.; LuX. & Zou, Y. 2017. A consistent ecosystem services valuation method based on Total Economic Value and Equivalent Value Factors: A case study in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Ecological Complexity. 29, 40–48.