مروری بر سیر تحولات چشم‌‌اندازها و رویکردهای ادغام مفهوم خدمات اکوسیستم در برنامه‌ریزی توسعه شهری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه شیلات و محیط‌زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

چکیده

کیفیت منابع طبیعی به واسطه افزایش جمعیت شهری همراه با گسترش شهرها، توسعه شبکه‌‌های حمل‌‌ و نقل و فعالیت‌‌های صنعتی در معرض میزان قابل توجهی از تخریب قرار گرفته است. در همین راستا توسعه پایدار شهری به عنوان الگویی برای رفع این چالش‌‌ها و فرصتی به منظور تشکیل سازوکار جدید برای ساختن آینده مطلوب شهری با پیش‌‌شرط هماهنگی با اکوسیستم‌‌های طبیعی مطرح شد. تغییرات کاربری زمین به واسطه شهرنشینی سریع، تغییرات محیط‌‌زیستی را با تاثیر بر خدمات اکوسیستم موجب گردیده است. تاثیر تحولات کاربری زمین بر محیط اکولوژیکی به یکی از حوزه‌‌های تحقیقاتی مهم تبدیل شده تا جایی که در حال حاضر گنجاندن موضوع خدمات اکوسیستم در برنامه‌ریزی شهری مورد استقبال قرار گرفته است. بررسی مطالعات نشان می‌‌دهد که یکپارچگی خدمات اکوسیستم در برنامه‌ریزی توسعه، هنوز در مراحل ابتدایی است. رویکردهای رایج بیشتر با تمرکز بر درک مفهوم خدمات اکوسیستم (درک مفهوم توسط متخصصان، سیاست‌‌گذاران و ذینفعان و بررسی محتوای اسناد) انجام گرفته‌‌اند و به‌‌طور قطعی به یکپارچه‌‌سازی خدمات اکوسیستم در برنامه‌‌های شهری نپرداخته‌‌اند. ادغام خدمات اکوسیستم در برنامه‌ریزی عمدتاً در سطح نظری مورد بحث قرار گرفته و شواهد کمتری در مورد تلاش‌‌های عملی آن، وجود دارد. اگرچه در دهه گذشته مکانی‌‌سازی، کمی‌‌سازی و ارزیابی خدمات اکوسیستم توسعه چشمگیری یافته، هنوز مشکلاتی در تعریف و عملیاتی کردن خدمات اکوسیستم در برنامه‌ریزی به سبب چارچوب‌‌های نظارتی ایستا و ابزارهای ناکافی وجود دارد. علاوه بر این، موانع سازمانی، مانند فقدان استانداردها در پروتکل‌‌های ارزیابی و هدف‌‌گذاری، کمبود نیروی متخصص، کمبود داده از دیگر موانع عملیاتی‌‌سازی این فرایند می‌‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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